basketball-schiedsrichter.de - Schiedsrichter

Lehrgangsgestaltung

Quelle: mini-basketball.com / Übersetzung: Axel Beckmann

Schiedsrichter-Lehrgang für Minis

Vorbereitung des Pfeifens

FIRST SESSION (one hour)

A. Explain

1. What is an official?

A FRIEND, who explains when mistakes have occurred and what has gone wrong. The official administers the penalties.

2. What are rules?

Guidelines to make the game fair - all games must have rules.

3. There are FOUR officials

Two game officials - a referee and an umpire.
Two table officials - a scorer and a timekeeper.

B. Describe and demonstrate the duties of THE OFFICIALS

Communicating

Officials communicate to players, co-officials and spectators in three ways:

with a whistle - which must be kept in the mouth - and when the whistle is blown it should be modulated to show the severity of the violation. It must be a HARD BLOW.
with the voice - explaining the violations.
with signals - SLOWLY, CLEARLY, SMARTLY and CONFIDENTLY performed.

This may seem easy, but running backwards or sideways with a whistle in one's mouth, whilst concentrating on the game, ready to stop it to tell someone that they have broken a rule, is not always easy!

Break down the practical sessions into short and enjoyable experiences then the children will feel more confident. Confidence is a VITAL component of Officiating.

Whistling

Whistling can be taught as a fun exercise.

Get the group to blow recognisable rhythms, such as nursery rhymes, chants and other familiar tunes to get the short, crisp note needed in the game.

Make sure that the officials always have the lanyard on which hangs the whistle around their neck, so leaving their hands free to make signals.

Get the officials to run forwards, backwards and sideways up and down the court with the whistle in their mouth, then to blow when it is appropriate.

Signals

Introduce the range of signals separately and encourage a CONFIDENT manner when performing them. Study the signals on page 13 'REFEREE'S SIGNALS'.

Go through all the signals as shown on the REFEREE'S SIGNALS sheet.

It can be fun to demonstrate the messages that 'body language' can portray:

The 'couldn't care less' official - head to one side, body sagging.
The 'angry' official - head forward, aggressive signal and posture.
The 'shy' official - head bowed, signalling as you are moving away from the play.

C. Demonstrate and let the children practise procedure when a VIOLATION occurs:

Set up a game with a small number of players e.g. 3 on 3.

Get the referee to blow the whistle once and simultaneously stop the game with a hand raised in the air. This hand signal is given with a straight arm, an open palm and fingers close together.
The referee must indicate clearly the nature of the violation:

out of bounds.
travelling (SHOW THEM HOW ONE CAN PIVOT).
double or illegal dribble.
three seconds.
jump ball.
ball returned to back court.
five second rule.

Ensure that the throw-in is taken from the correct place.
Now RESTART the game when everyone is ready.

Indicate clearly, using one arm only, the direction of play that is to follow, by pointing towards the basket into which the team, who will take the throw-in, is shooting.

These activities can be used with a whole class but it is preferable that each child has a whistle - get the officials to run to one end of the court then WHISTLE/SIGNAL/RESTART, then run to the middle and repeat WHISTLE/SIGNAL/RESTART.

This activity works well whilst the teacher, with a ball, controls the situation in the centre of the court as the officials, work in groups, on the side of the court.

The range of violations can then gradually be introduced.

This is a good time to introduce the MECHANICS OF OFFICIATING.

Look at the section POSITION ON COURT that follows for sound advice

Position on Court

The officials work on opposite sides of the court and try to 'sandwich' the ball between them, so they can see all of the action; one of them is always ahead of the play (called the leading referee), the other is always behind the play (called the trailing referee).

The trailing referee is the one who signals when a basket is scored.

The officials change sides before free throws, jump balls, and at the start of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th periods. Whenever a foul occurs one official makes the call and the other gets the ball.

Basic Positioning

*Lead Referee*	is ahead of the play, positioned on the end line at the attacking end.
*Trail Referee*	is behind the play, positioned towards the left side of the attack.
*Active Official*	is the official who administers the jump ball, hands the ball to players on the sideline, administers the free shots.
*Free Official*	watches the players whilst the jump ball, sideline or free shots are administered by the co-official.
*Referee*	checks the equipment pre-game, throws up the first jump ball, checks the scoresheet at the end of each period, signs the scoresheet last, makes final decisions if there is disagreement.
*Umpire*	has the same powers as the referee on the court.

court_02.gif (2449 bytes) court_01.gif (1828 bytes)

Where should the official be watching?

The Lead Official only watches the play on the ball when the ball is in the shaded areas.

When the ball is not in those areas the Lead Official watches off the ball.

The Trail Official watches on the ball, except when the ball is in the far corner away from the Trail Official when that official then watches off the ball.

The Game starts and re-starts with a Jump Ball

A Jump Ball is a good way to get groups of children practising how to start the game and then drop into the LEAD and TRAIL positions already mentioned.

Groups could be of 4 or more with 2 referees, 2 players and the rest as players around the circle.

All 3 circles on the court can be used to practise this situation.

Jump Ball

The official who is facing the scorer's table will throw up the ball.
The official throwing up the ball shouldn't have the whistle in the mouth and should say 'Ready', to let the two jumpers know that the game is about to start.
The official should make sure that the ball is thrown up straight between the players (the jumpers) and higher than they can jump.
After throwing up the ball, the official should stand still for a moment before taking up a position, so that the players can move clear of the circle.
The other official should stand opposite the circle watching for fouls and be ready to move quickly.

Practical Session

Set up a game of mini basketball. Emphasise running, blowing and signalling (particularly the 'stop the game' signal of raised palm above the head) to the officials:

WHISTLE - crisply )

VOICE - calmly ) COMMUNICATION

SIGNAL - clearly )

Now include the 'TWO POINTS' signal in the game situation. Remember no whistle to be blown.

Mechanics

During the game emphasise to the officials:

Follow the progress of the game - LEADING and TRAILING.
Continually adjust to get the best view - SANDWICH THE BALL.
Co-operate with the co-official, e.g. on a JUMP BALL - exchange sides/one official throws the ball up/the co-official watches the other players.

If two people break the rules, at the same time, then it is the more serious error that is punished, e.g. if one official sees that a member of team A has travelled and the other sees that a member of team B has fouled, both officials blow their whistles.

The foul is noted on the score sheet against the player who fouled, team A is given the ball and the travelling is ignored.

Zur 2. und 3. Einheit